Archive for the ‘Solidworks’ Category

DESIGN TABLE AUTOMATION


Design Tables in SolidWorks are powered using Microsoft Excel. With Design Tables and Excel, it is possible to manipulate:


Parts only

i. Feature state

i. Configuration of Split Part

ii. Properties

iii. Dimension Values

iv. Model color


Assemblies only

i. Component state

ii. Mate state

iii. Referenced Configuration

iv. Expand in BOM

v. Display State

vi. Assembly feature state (cuts)


General Parts and Assemblies

i. Dimension values

ii. Tolerance type

iii. BOM part number

iv. Configuration specific properties

v. Model color

vi. Linear and Radial Pattern Spacing and instances


Advanced Parts and Assemblies

i. Derived Configurations

ii. Lighting state

iii. Equation state

iv. Sketch relationship state

v. Mass properties

vi. Center of gravity



Create Model

design table automation


Edit names of Features, dims and Mates

design table automation


Insert Design Table and add affected Names, features, Dim and Mates


*You can choose auto-create and select properties that we will include in design table. You can also add it later inside the table

design table automation

design table automation


Create and isolate workable table

*Note that you can open the design table in MS Excel


Create Useful List and validate the data

design table automation


Create useful equation/ formula

design table automation


Hide all except for Workable table

design table automation


Save and close the design table

Open the design table and change the data

Close the design table and update

design table automation

design table automation


Close the design table and update

design table automation

Wrap Feature in Solidworks

Solidworks has a wrap feature. This feature wraps a sketch onto a planar or nonplanar face. You can create a planar face from cylindrical, conical, or extruded models. You can also select a planar profile to add multiple, closed spline sketches.

The wrap feature supports contour selection and sketch reuse. You can project a wrap feature onto multiple faces. The sketch plane must be tangent to the face, allowing the face normal and the sketch normal to be parallel at the closest point.

robo2

While the the Split Line tool projects an entity (sketch, solid, surface, face, plane, or surface spline) to surfaces, or curved or planar faces. It divides a selected face into multiple separate faces. You can split curves on multiple bodies with one command.

The wrap feature supports contour selection and sketch reuse. You can project a wrap feature onto multiple faces. The sketch plane must be tangent to the face, allowing the face normal and the sketch normal to be parallel at the closest point.


Repairing Surface in Solidworks:

Have you ever encountered a surface in solidworks that is deformed or not smooth enough? This usually happen when converting it into a different file format. Well I have a sample that needed some work because some faces are not the way they should be.

(See fig .1)

1. First we should identify what causes the surface to deform, like the tangency of the curves.
Ironman part 1 Solidworks

Fig. 1

2. After knowing the problem which is the tangency of the curve use before, we should now create a new curve.

As you can see in (fig. 2.1) the difference between the new curves form the old. You could use any of the “curves command” like composite curve or curve through points. After creating the curve you can now delete the surface to be replaced by using the command “Delete Face”.

Ironman part 2 Solidworks
3. Now that the curves are all done we can now create a new face. We can now do the other faces

Ironman part 3 Solidworks

4. You could do it in the half part so we could just mirror it and knit it.

Ironman part 4 Solidworks

• All done!

Solidworks Photo View 360

One of the feature of Solid works is the Photo View 360 the visualization and rendering solution, it is easy and lot of fun to work in rendering design parts to make it more realistic with greater accuracy and appeal than ever before that can used for client presentation. It’s a highly interactive environment for viewing designs as well as for creating photorealistic renderings that can use for showcasing designs. It’s as easy as applying the appearances and scenes just drag and drop it onto that part. To change the color, pick on the parts and go to the advanced tab of the material and pick the color in the color options quickly to get some great looking and very appealing images of the design.

Rendering

Tennis Ball

Photo View 360

Photo View 360

SAVING SOLIDWORKS GENERATED BOM TO EXCEL FILE

In a manufacturing Industy  producing a certain unit or product ,BOM is used for communication between manufacturing partners or confined to a single manufacturing plant containing  all components Description,Part Number, Quantity, Materials, etc..If there are many Sub-assembly, It is easy to have BOM in excel file to display  all the parts in  the assembly for easy navigation of components.
In Solidworks, there are templates for computed BOMS, weldment BOMs, and weldment cut lists. Each BOM template can have different data variables displayed in the BOM columns depends on the needs of the user. Just insert all the property or data need before saving as excel file.
For example, a BOM for engineers or designers might have the following columns:

  • Part Number
  • Description
  • Part Number
  • Quantity
  • Material

A BOM for purchasing managers might have the following columns:

  • Vendor
  • Cost
  • Material
  • Part Name
  • Part Number
  • Quantity
  • Unit of Measure

From the Bom Created in Solidworks  just Single Click the BOM so it is selected and then go to file-Save As ( or right-click on the BOM and choose Save As.) . Select save as file type Excel (.xls.).

SAVING  S O L I D W O R K S G E N E R A T E D B O M T O E X C E L F I L E

2D to 3D Drawing Conversion with SolidWorks


Computer-aided design (CAD) makes it possible to convert old drawings6 (which are composed of simple vector entities such as lines, polylines, arcs, and circles5) to high-quality and detailed 3D models. This is a task that is carried out by companies that provide 2D to 3D drawing conversion services.6

An effective conversion from 2D objects to 3D models involves the following steps:1

  1. Establishing the base geometry.
  2. Before data are imported to the 2D to 3D conversion module, they are first filtered. These data include dimensions, line type parameters, and layers.

  3. Identification of projected geometry
  4. Alignment of various geometric views (done using a basic translation technique)
  5. Extrude (Boolean operation)
  6. Extruding prevents the occurrence of errors and prepares a model for being used.

SolidWorks is an example of an application that is helpful in having successful projects. An article in PRLog provides the following advantages of SolidWorks:2

  • Easy sharing of project data across different stakeholders
  • Effective collaboration with AutoCAD platform
  • Safe transition from 2D CAD to SolidWorks 3D
  • Excellent promotion tool for your designs
  • Easy clash detection and fewer errors
  • Significant savings in design life cycle time

SolidWorks supports various file formats such as DGN, DWG, DXF, TIFF and JPG.2

Before, in the earlier days of mechanical engineering, drawings were referred to as “blueprints.” These blueprints were made using a chemical-printing process that produces drawings on blue-colored papers or blue lines on white papers. Mechanical engineering has now progressed and has been using better ways of developing and viewing designs. With the advent of new technologies, it has become easier to produce complex 2D drawings and convert them to 3D models.3 What certainly attracts the attention and curiosity of people are beautifully made 3D models. The more attention they give, the more your sales boost.4,6



1“Conversion of 2D Drawings to 3D BIM Models.” Pinnacle. 29 Jul 2010. 13 Dec 2010 <http://www.pinnaclecad.com/bim-conversion-of-2d-drawings-to-3d-models.html>.
2Kaith, Jeffrin. “Solidworks 2D Drawings, Solidworks 3D Model Conversion Services.” PRLog. 11 Mar 2010. 13 Dec 2010 <http://www.prlog.org/10570296-solidworks-2d-drawings-solidworks-3d-model-conversion-services.html>.
3“2D and 3D Drafting Services.” Solid Masters. 27 July 2010. 13 Dec 2010 <http://mechanicaldraftingservices.com/>.
4“2D to 3d Conversion.” R2V. 29 Oct 2010. 13 Dec 2010 <http://rastertovector.biz/2d-3dconversion.html>.
5“Convert Your 2D Floor Plan Drawings into a 3D ArchiCAD Model from DXF and DWG Files.” Free PDF Manual Guide. 29 Apr 2009. 13 Dec 2010 <http://www.pdfmanual.net/convert-your-2d-floor-plan-drawings-into-a-3d-archicad-model-from-dxf-and-dwg-files.html>.
6“CAD Conversion (2D Drawings to 3D Models).” Silicon Valley. 24 May 2010. 13 Dec 2010 <http://www.siliconinfo.com/cad-outsourcing-services/paper-to-cad-conversion-services.html>.


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Creating twisted wire in Solidworks Tips and Tricks.

When creating assemblies we sometimes need to incorporate wires or wire harness to have a complete perspective of the design. We need to create a model representing these wires to find out
the proper way to route them. We sometimes encountered twisted wires that are difficult to represent. So here are some tips and tricks in creating twisted wires. Step 1. The first requirement is that you have to have a path to which the wire will follow. We usually do this by a spline curve between two points. See fig.1
FIGURE 1
Fig. 1
Step 2. Create a plane normal to the curve. And create a sketch and then draw a line depending on the diameter of the wire to be use so they will not hit each other. See fig.2
FIGURE 2Fig. 2

Step 3. After creating the sketch use surface sweep to create a surface following your path and under Option “Orientation/Twist type:” choose Twist along Path and in the “Define by: “choose turns, then choose the number of turn depending on your requirement. See fig. 3 and then click OK. See fig.3a

FIGURE3
Fig. 3
FIGURE4
Fig. 3a
Step 4. After creating the surface that is already twisted create a plane normal to the curve using the edge of the surface as the curve. Do this in both sides. See Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Step 5. Create a sketch and draw a circle that the center will pierce the curve. Do this in both sides of the surface. See Fig.5


figure 7 Fig. 5
Step 6. After creating the sketches use sweep command and the sketch as the profile and the edge of the surface as the path. Do this one both sides of the surface. See Fig. 6

figure 8
Fig. 6
figure 9
Fig. 6a

Step 7. After you are finish on both sides we can now hide the surface that we used as reference and add some details in our wire; like the color, the copper wire at the end of each wire or add connector or crimp at the end of each wire. See Fig. 7

figure 10
Fig. 7
Note: That you can also do this in a regular solid sweep command by creating two circles in a plane normal to the curve and configuring it to twist, but you will have an unbalance diameter of the wire as the wire twist.

How to Create a Screw Thread Flute in Solidwrks

Solidworks usually give us the standard sizes of thread through toolbox. And from smart fastener command we can easily create screws, nuts and washers we need. Screws from toolbox are configured in different standard sizes defends of what we choose during creation.

But do solidworks will give us the screw with correct flute? Or a well detailed screw? Of course not! Because the program need to save memory, simply means creating additional feature means additional memory to be consumed. And this really affects the speed of the program.

It is a fact that in cad designing we do not need a well detailed screw to have a good design. But as wealways say – there is always an exemption.  Sometimes we need to show thread flute for presentation or maybe there is a need for us to show it due to some reasons. This article is just a little tutorial on how to
create a thread flute on a screw we got from solidworks toolbox.

Figure 1 shows a standard socket head cup screw (M5x0.8mm) from toolbox.

socket head cup screw

Figure: 1

Before proceeding, here are the things we need to know before we can create an exact screw threadflute: (1) Type of thread (2) Major diameter (3) Pitch (4) Root depth

Below is the procedure in creating a thread flute:

1. Create a reference plane. Plane distance should be the equal to thread pitch.

Create a reference plane

2 . Sketch a profile based on the prefer thread type.

Sketch a profile based on the prefer thread type

3. Make a cut for thread root diameter

Make a cut for thread root diameter

4. Create a helix. Helix pitch should be the same on thread pitch.

Create a helix

5. Make a sweep using the previously created thread profile and the helix as a guide curve.

Make a sweep using the previously created thread profile

6. Cut to make a chamfer on screw end

Cut to make a chamfer on screw end

After the 6 steps are done you can now see the thread flute on screw from solidworks toolbox .

thread flute on screw from solidworks toolbox

(figure2)

3D Modeling Services for Product Development

Design environments for mechanical CAD are now automated to lessen the time that designers use to do their tasks. Drawings and design concepts are bases for making 3D animation, 3D graphic, 3D background, or 3D logo design. Currently, 3D modeling is widely in use with CAD. CAD design involves 3D mechanical animation models, which are some techniques that are more preferable than others in 3D modeling. 3D design CAD experts use SolidWorks for 3D modeling. Design engineers convert 2D mechanical designs to 3D models and animate, and they follow drawing standards. In product development, 3D modeling services offer working models of products that designers are developing.

Reference:
Dillip Kumar Barik. “Mechanical Cad Design and 3D Modeling Services.” Online posting. 22 Mar 2010. ArticlesBase. 20 July 2010 <http://www.articlesbase.com/software-articles/mechanical-cad-design-and-3d-modeling-services-2026899.html>.


For more information about CAD services, please read more.

3D Modeling, Drafting, Product Design, Pro/ENGINEER, SolidWorks

Definition of Terms

3D Modeling, Drafting, Product Design, Pro/ENGINEER, SolidWorks

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

2D drawing
- An indirect and incomplete representation of an engineering product or system, subject to interpretation and error1

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

3D
- A real object or true depiction of real image1
3D computer graphics
- Graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data… that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images3
3D computer graphics software
- Programs used to create 3D computer-generated imagery9
3D model
- The product of 3D modeling2
- An object that is constructed on three planes27
3D modeling
- The process of developing a mathematical representation of any three-dimensional surface of object… via specialized software2
- The construction, manipulation, and storage of geometric objects to represent objects… around us or virtual objects17
3D printing
- A form of additive manufacturing technology where a three dimensional object is created by successive layers of material6
3D rendering
- The 3D computer graphics process of automatically converting 3D wire frame models into 2D images with 3D photorealistic effects on a computer5
3D wireframe
- Extension of 2D drafting12

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

Assembly modeling
- Technology and methods used by Computer-aided design and Product visualization computer software systems to handle multiple files that represent components within a product15

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

Computer-aided design (CAD)
- The use of computer technology for the design of objects, real or virtual12
- A combination of both hardware & software that helps architects, engineers and related professionals in the real estate & manufacturing industry worldwide18
- An important industrial art extensively used in many applications, including automotive, shipbuilding, and aerospace industries, industrial and architectural design, prosthetics, and many more12
- A major driving force for research in computational geometry, computer graphics (both hardware and software), and discrete differential geometry12
- Especially important technology within the scope of computer-aided technologies, with benefits such as lower product development costs and a greatly shortened design cycle12
- One of the many tools used by engineers and designers and is used in many ways depending on the profession of the user and the type of software in question12
- One part of the whole Digital Product Development (DPD) activity within the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) process12
Computer-aided geometric design (CAGD)
- The design of geometric models for object shapes, in particular12
Computer animation or CGI animation
- The art of creating moving images with the use of computers10
- An artful blend of creative vision and technology31

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

Design intent
- How the creator of the part wants it to respond to changes and updates4
DWGgateway
- A free data translation tool that enables any AutoCAD software user to open and edit any DWG file, regardless of the version of AutoCAD it was made in4

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

eDrawings Professional
- An e-mail-enabled communication tool for reviewing 2D and 3D product design data across the extended product development team4
Electronic design automation (EDA or ECAD)
- A category of software tools for designing electronic systems such as printed circuit boards and integrated circuits26

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

Features
- Building blocks of the part4
- The shapes and operations that construct the part4
FeatureWorks
- Feature recognition software that lets designers make changes to static geometric data, increasing the value of translated files4
Flexibility
- The ability to change angles or animate images with quicker rendering of the changes2

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

Group
- A starting point for discussions and collaborations28

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

Innovation
- A vital ingredient of business success29
Interoperability
- The key issue which integrates various CAD CAM CAE tools1

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

Kinetic design
- Aesthetic design of physical movement32

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

Level sets
- A useful representation for deforming surfaces which undergo many topological changes2
Lighting
- An important aspect of scene setup2

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

MACRO (merge and correlate recorded output)
- Anything more than a single command19
- Rule or pattern that specifies how a certain input sequence should be mapped to an output sequence according to a defined procedure20
Macro program
- Computer programs that capture the user’s actions as if it is recording the user21
MoldflowXpress
- A mold design validation tool that was built into a solid modeling environment4

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

Parameters
- Constraints whose values determine the shape or geometry of the model or assembly4
Polygonal modeling
- An approach for modeling objects by representing or approximating their surfaces using polygons8
Print3D
- A 3D printing feature that allows users to convert their 3D CAD model to a .STL file and then have it sent to specialty manufacturers for quote4
Procedural modeling
- An umbrella term for a number of techniques in computer graphics to create 3D models and textures from sets of rules7
Product design
- The efficient and effective generation and development of ideas through a process that leads to new products30
Pro/ENGINEER
- A parametric, integrated 3D CAD/CAM/CAE solution created by Parametric Technology Corporation13
- The first to market with parametric, feature-based, associative solid modeling software13
- An integral part of a broader product development system developed by PTC13
- A piece of software that falls within the category of CAD/CAM/CAE and site alongside other similar products currently on the market13
- A feature based modeling architecture incorporated into a single database philosophy with advanced rule based design capabilities13

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

Skeletal animation
- A technique in computer animation, particularly in the animation of vertebrates, in which a character is represented in two parts: a surface representation used to draw the character… and a hierarchical set of bones used for animation only11
Solid modeling
- A consistent set of principles for mathematical and computer modeling of three dimensional solids14
SolidWorks
- A 3D mechanical CAD… program that runs on Microsoft Windows and was developed by Dassault Systèmes SolidWorks… a subsidiary of Dassault Systèmes4
- A competitor to CAD programs such as Pro/ENGINEER, I-DEAS, Unigraphics, and CATIA4
- A parasolid-based solid modeler4
SolidWorks Flow Simulation
- A tool that tests fluid-flow simulation and thermal analysis so designers can conduct tests on virtual prototypes4
SolidWorks MoldBase
- A catalog of standard mold base assemblies and components4
SolidWorks Motion
- A virtual prototyping tool that provides motion simulation capabilities to ensure designs function properly4
SolidWorks Simulation
- A design validation tool that shows engineers how their designs will behave as physical objects4
SolidWorks Simulation Premium
- A design validation tool that caters to designers without engineering background4
SolidWorks Sustainability
- A product that measures the environmental impact of designs while they are modeled in SolidWorks4
SolidWorks Toolbox
- A library of parts that uses “Smart Part” Technology to automatically select fasteners and assemble them in the desired sequence4
SolidWorks Utilities
- Software that lets designers find differences between two versions of the same part, or locate, modify, and suppress features within a model4
SolidWorks Viewer
- A free plug-in for viewing SolidWorks parts, assemblies, and drawings4
SolidWorks Workgroup PDM
- A PDM tool that allows SolidWorks users operating in teams of 10 members or less to work on designs concurrently4
Sub-forum
- A great place to share your experiences and do your Q&A with other users28

[2, 3, A, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, P, S, T]

Technical drawing or Drafting
- The academic discipline of creating standardized technical drawings by architects, interior designers, drafters, design engineers, and related professionals16
- Integral communication of technical or engineering drawings and is the industrial arts sub-discipline that underlies all involved technical endeavors16
- Means of clearly and concisely communicating all of the information necessary to transform an idea or a concept into reality22
- Drawing plan, rendered to scale, used to communicate direction and specifics to a group of people creating something23
- Formal and precise way of communicating information about the shape, size, features and precision of physical objects24
- Universal language of engineering used in the design process for solving problems, quickly and accurately visualizing objects, and conducting analysis24
- A graphical representation of objects and structures24
- Expression of bodies by lines24
- Skill, a vocation25
Tessellation
- The process of transforming representations of objects, such as transforming the middle point coordinate of a sphere and a point on its circumference into a polygon representation of a sphere2
- A significant contributing factor to the resulting aesthetic and visual quality of the finished work2


References:
1Sunith. “Transforming a 2D Drawing to 3D CAD Data.” Online posting. 10 June 2009. CAD Professor. 19 July 2010 <http://www.cadprofessor.in/2009/06/transforming-a-2d-drawing-to-3d-cad-data/>.
2“3D modeling.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_modeling>.
3“3D computer graphics.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics>.
4“SolidWorks.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SolidWorks>.
5“3D rendering.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_rendering>.
6“3D printing.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_Printing>.
7“Procedural modeling.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_modeling>.
8“Polygonal modeling.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygonal_modeling>.
9“3D computer graphics software.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_modeler>.
10“Computer animation.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_animation>.
11“Skeletal animation.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_animation>.
12“Computer-aided design.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAD>.
13“Pro/ENGINEER.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro/ENGINEER>.
14“Solid modeling.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_modeling>.
15“Assembly modelling.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_modelling>.
16“Technical drawing.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 19 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing>.
17Dillip Kumar Barik. “Mechanical Cad Design and 3D Modeling Services.” Online posting. 22 Mar 2010. ArticlesBase. 20 July 2010 <http://www.articlesbase.com/software-articles/mechanical-cad-design-and-3d-modeling-services-2026899.html>.
18cadserviceireland. “Affordable CAD Services and CAD 3D Modeling Services.” Online posting. 1 Mar 2009. A1Articles. 20 July 2010 <http://www.a1articles.com/article_801232_15.html>.
19Ralph Grabowski. “TIPS: Macros.” Online posting. 5 Feb 2004. WorldCAD Access. 26 July 2010 <http://worldcadaccess.typepad.com/blog/2004/02/tips_macros.html>.
20Srivastava, Rahul. Customization of CAD Modeling Software using Parametric Macros for Design of Machinable Artistic Surface Patterns. Patiala: Thapar University, 2009. 27 July 2010 <http://dspace.thapar.edu:8080/dspace/bitstream/10266/1033/1/RAHUL+SRIVASTAVA+80781021-+2009.pdf>.
21Schoonmaker, Stephen J. The CAD Guidebook: A Basic Manual for Understanding and Improving Computer-Aided Design. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2003.
22Goetsch, David L., et al. Technical Drawing. 5th ed. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning, c2005.
23“Definition of Technical Drawing.” YourDictionary. 20 July 2010. 3 Aug 2010. <http://www.yourdictionary.com/dictionary-articles/Definition-of-Technical-Drawing.html>.
24G. Gülsev Uyar Aldas. “JFM210 Technical Drawing and Computer Application Lecture Notes (First Part).” Scribd. 26 Nov 2008. 3 Aug 2010 <http://www.scribd.com/doc/8455804/Technical-Drawing>.
25Lee, Xah. “What Is Technical Drawing, Descriptive Geometry, Projective Geometry, Linear Algebra.” XahLee.org. 2 Aug 2010. 3 Aug 2010 <http://xahlee.org/3d/tech_drawing.html>.
26“Electronic design automation.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 26 July 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_design_automation>.
27Kay. “25 (Free) 3D Modeling Applications You Should Not Miss.” Online posting. 14 Aug 2010. Hongkiat.com. 16 Aug 2010 <http://www.hongkiat.com/blog/25-free-3d-modelling-applications-you-should-not-miss/>.
28Saikat Basu. “Easily Learn 3D Modeling with 3DVIA Shape.” Online posting. 15 June 2010. MakeUseOf. 23 Aug 2010 <http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/3d-modeling-skills-easy-3dvia-shape/>.
29Baxter, Mike. Product Design: Practical Methods for the Systematic Development of New Products. Cheltenham, UK: Nelson Thornes, 2002.
30“Product design.” Wikipedia. 2010. Wikimedia Foundation. 6 Aug 2010 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_design>.
31“Become a Professional in Animation.” Design Training. 30 Nov 2010. 20 Dec 2010 <http://www.design-training.com/computer-animation/>.
32Hopson, Ben. “Kinetic Design and the Animation of Products.” Online posting. 1 Mar 2009. Core77. 20 Dec 2010 <http://www.core77.com/blog/featured_items/kinetic_design_and_the_animation_of_products_by_ben_hopson_12642.asp>.


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